Customer Loyalty Even as COVID Disrupts Supply Chains
This blog post isn’t so much on marketing as it is on today's problematic supply chain issues. The looming supply disruption as a result of COVID, along with tariffs and other factors, offers historical opportunities for companies to build—or destroy—customer goodwill.
A Tale of Two Companies
Consider the fate of two companies, Company A and Company B. Both are relatively successful and faced with an extended supply disruption.
Company A responds to the shortage by trying to maintain its traditional customer management processes with diminishing product availability. The VP of Sales is careful to be transparent, informing the customers of its supply shortages and assuring them that it is doing everything possible to secure increasingly scarce supplier allocations.
The company's sales reps try to prioritize each of their customers. Soon, the company is overwhelmed with conflicting priorities, with each sales rep trying to hold inventory for his or her customers, leading the company to adopt the default option—first-come, first-served—as its response to the shortage.
That is essentially no customer management strategy at all, and it is a recipe for a long-lasting pool of customer ill will.
On the other hand, Company B has a prioritized strategic plan for supply shortages that it developed as an essential part of its risk management process. When shortages materialize and increase, the entire management team becomes a crisis management steering committee, systematically and strategically guiding the company through the crisis.
The company emerged from the crisis period with profits preserved and customer loyalty increased.
In fact, the management team used the supply disruption to build long-term customer loyalty, sustained profit growth, and market positioning advantages.
The New Rules for Growing Customer Loyalty
Much is being said and written about how to manage the supply chain threat of COVID. The problem is that virtually all of it focuses on disruption threats to inbound supply chains from suppliers. The equally essential and longer-lasting challenge is managing your customers through the crisis period to maximize their long-term loyalty and profitability.
If you get that right, the upside is enormous. If you get it wrong, you will suffer the consequences for years to come.
Five rules form the cornerstone of an effective customer management program in a time of supply disruption:
Prioritize your customers by profitability.
Incorporate your emerging channel strategies.
Align sales compensation with your priorities.
Develop product substitution groups.
Prevent over-ordering.
Together, those will ensure that your company will emerge from this challenging period in a much better position than when it commenced, hurtling past your scrambling competitors.
1. Prioritize your customers by profitability
The key to customer prioritization is profit segmentation: focusing your resources on accelerating your relationships with your high-profit customers while using the shortage of products to re-negotiate your relationships with your profit-draining customers.
Today's supply chain disruptions from tariffs, viruses, and other factors offer an opportunity to lock in long-term gains with your most profitable customers and to use the disruption as leverage to reverse your relationship with your large profit-draining customers.
The key is to use profit mapping to identify...
Profit peaks (large, high-profit customers)
Profit drains (large, money-losing customers)
Profit deserts (small, no-profit customers)
Profit mapping aims to break apart the aggregated categories of revenue and cost in your company's income statement. In the past, when markets were homogeneous, costs were relatively uniform, and companies sought to maximize their revenues from all customers in an effort to gain economies of scale, these aggregate categories were adequate to grow profits. Today's businesses are profoundly different: Markets are highly fragmented, costs vary greatly depending on customer relationships and supply chain integration, and profitability varies hugely from customer to customer and product to product.
Today, the only way to understand the actual profitability of every nook and cranny of a company is to create an all-in P&L on every transaction (invoice line), and couple it with powerful data analytics that can combine these transaction P&Ls to show the profitability of every customer, product, and operational process. It is imperative to avoid relying on standard partial measures like gross margin, which does not align with net profits because factors like order patterns, delivery costs, and other operating costs are so important.
The prioritization below is based on profit segmentation. It is a particularly effective way to maximize your long-term benefits, so your company exits this crisis in better shape with respect to its profitability and customer loyalty strategy.
Profit-peak customers. The most crucial initiative a company can make is to give priority to its profit-peak customers. These critical customers warrant working aggressively to make products available even if it costs more to support them. Now may also be an opportunity to lock in longer-term contracts.
These customers may represent only 10-20% of your customers, but they provide the vast majority of your profits. Moreover, they are generally less price-sensitive, more loyal, and more eager to try innovative products and services.
In all times—but especially in difficult times—you should dedicate a set of multifunctional teams to these profit-peak customers; you should not serve them through a general sales force. The dedicated team can focus on building extended contracts with supply chain integration and other operating ties that ensure steady, long-term profit growth both for your customers and for you.Profit-draining customers. The second priority is counterintuitive. A time of supply shortage presents a perfect time to use the disruption as an opportunity to change the nature of your relationship with your large, profit-draining customers by approaching them with proposals to increase the profits they generate for you.
The wrong way to do that is to gouge them with significant price increases, generating lasting bad feelings. It is much more effective to increase the profitability of their business by working with them to decrease your (and their) operating costs. In our experience, most profit-draining customers can be turned around through intelligent, targeted supply chain and category management measures that create joint efficiencies, such as increasing order size by reducing order frequency, developing proactive substitute product policies, and taking other similar measures.
Doing so requires clarity of purpose but does not cost much, and it has a substantial, permanent, positive impact on both companies. Doing this requires competent multifunctional teams dedicated solely to this customer segment. And if a profit-draining customer refuses to work with you, reducing your supply to it makes sense.Profit-desert customers. The third priority is carefully managing your profit-desert customers by understanding their potential and carefully curating their product availability.
Notably, some of these customers are large companies for which you are a minor supplier. You may be able to award these customers with secure supply access in return for a contract for a more significant share of the wallet. The objective is to convert these customers into large, profit-peak ones; digital marketing probes are particularly effective.
Many other profit-desert customers, however, are simply small companies that do not have the ability to grow significantly. These customers typically generate the majority of your operating costs because they issue a large number of minimal orders (it generally takes the same time and cost to pick an order line with a small number of items as it takes for an order line with a much larger number of items). This is where your cost reduction, or aggressive constraints on product availability, should be placed. It's also the time to enforce limits on free services that have been neglected (e.g., minimum order sizes for free shipping).
However, It is crucial to be transparent and work with these customers to ease their difficulties as much as possible. For example, many customers may be willing to accept more readily available substitutes.
2. Incorporate your emerging-channel strategies
The emergence of critical digital channels and omnichannel management characterizes the current era. The digital giants are gaining prodigious market share in industry after industry through their Web-based capabilities. Most companies are sprinting to catch up at the risk of their very survival.
It is critical, therefore, to incorporate your channel strategy into your customer supply prioritization. Doing so will ensure that your crucial new strategic capabilities will continue to develop and grow. This must be systematically integrated into your customer management strategy to ensure long-term viability.
3. Align sales compensation with your priorities
There is an old adage that a sales rep might understand your priorities and buy into your priorities, but he or she will (and should) do what you pay him or her to do.
Another way to put it is that the fundamental rule of sales is "work your pay plan." If the pay plan is wrong, it is not the salesperson's fault.
Therefore, sales compensation (commissions, quotas) must be adjusted to reflect your priorities. The root problem is that all too many companies fail to develop realistic priorities, as explained earlier; that leads to the counterproductive scramble for products and the "first-come, first-served" processes that are so harmful to short-run profitability and longer-run customer loyalty.
4. Develop product substitution groups
Substitution groups are sets of products that perform the same function. These are important in the ordinary course of business both to enable sales reps to move customers to a higher-profit product mix and to ensure high fill rates when a product stocks out (and the customer has agreed to a specific substitute).
These groups are essential in times of supply disruptions because they can ensure steady supplies, even if the disruptions are intermittent. However, this needs to be agreed with customers in advance.
5. Prevent over-ordering
Over-ordering is a characteristic difficulty in times of product shortage. It has two primary sources: customer hoarding and unadjusted electronic data interchange (EDI) replenishment algorithms.
Inventory hoarding is a natural response to supply shortages. The core logic is that purchasing departments try to grab products whenever available to protect against later shortfalls. That results in extreme problems for suppliers because they cannot forecast actual customer demand. Instead, sales reps scramble to grab tight supplies to meet their customers' accelerating requests, leading suppliers to short other customers—especially their large profit-peak customers with whom they typically have vendor-managed inventory or other operating ties that ensure the correct order flow.
Unadjusted EDI replenishment algorithms are the second cause of over-ordering. If products are allocated to customers, most replenishment systems will recognize the shortfall in product availability and endlessly order more. We have seen cases where replenishment systems order the same product multiple times per day. The problem is that the supplier's systems interpret this as incremental demand and award more scarce stock to the over-ordering customer.
The solution is to develop a set of agreements with customers to allocate products relative to historical demand unless the customer notifies the supplier that its product demand has actually changed.
For example, profit-peak customers could be supplied at their historical demand; profit-drain customers at 75-80% of their historical demand; and profit-desert customers at 60% of their historical demand (unless they contract for a larger share of wallet). It is vital to develop explicit agreements with customers so they can make similar agreements with their customers.
Effective Strategic Management to Grow Customer Loyalty
Times of product scarcity are the most critical times to grow customer loyalty with your most important customers. Do it well; you will preserve short-term profits and lock in long-term sustained profit growth. Do it poorly, and you will generate years of damaging customer ill will.
The key to success is focusing on your top management team relentlessly driving a strategic customer management plan based on the five rules for growing customer loyalty. Doing that provides the basis for turning despair into lasting victory in a period of supply disruption.
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In closing, I want to thank the Baker Hughes Sales Team and the Baker Hughes Procurement and Supply Chain for allowing me the time to conduct my interviews and discuss how we are overcoming the supply chain issues that are bringing down customer loyalty.